Freedom
of speech has been an intangible right that many Western democracies have
embraced, including France’s satirical magazine, Charlie Hebdo. The events of the January 7, 2015 attack and
onward, were a testament to free speeches limits and influences. Charlie Hebdo is a magazine that makes fun of all religions in the forum of
a comic strip. This magazine has come under criticism over the years. There have
been various attempts on restricting the content, as it has been perceived as
extremely offensive to the Muslim community, The New York Times reports. One such example was when Charlie Hebdo
reprinted an offensive image of the Prophet Muhamad that drew much criticism
when a Danish newspaper originally printed it (Yu). It is evident that Charlie
Hebdo has had a positive influential impact on society, however did they go too
far?
On
January 7, 2015 12 people were killed at the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo. The
following timeline of the Charlie Hebdo attack as reported by John Levs, a CNN
reporter is as follows. According to
Levs, on Wednesday mid-day, two gunmen killed the security guard at the office
of Charlie Hebdo. An employee who was exiting the building was forced to lead
the two gun men to the conference room where a lunchtime editorial meeting was
being held, Lev’s states. The two gunmen separated men and women calling out
specific names of people they were killing. The gunmen proclaimed that they
were avenging the Prophet Muhamad. The two gunmen escaped the building and as
they were fleeing the scene, killed a police officer. Later that night
thousands of Parisians gathered together to hold a vigil for the slain victims.
It was on this night that the phase “Je Suis Charlie” became a slogan for the
movement. In English it means I am Charlie, or in other words, I believe in
freedom of speech (Levs). Lizze Deardon
of the Telegraph, reported that at the vigil in Paris and around the world,
thousands of people held up pens, while journalist held up their press cards,
in show of solidarity for the right of freedom of speech (Deardon).
Levs
reports that overnight an ongoing manhunt went under way. It was later released
that the two gunmen suspects were Cherif Kouachi and Said Kouachi. Friday
morning reports came in that the two brothers were held up in a warehouse
(Levs). Lin Jenkins, a journalist from the Guardian highlights a time line of
the events that took place in the warehouse. The Kouachi brothers entered the printing
warehouse with assault rifles. Michelle Catantlo, quickly told his employees to
go and hide. The two brothers held Cantantlo and some of the employee’s
hostage. Cantantlo offered the brothers a drink of coffee. However, matters got
complicated when his supplier showed up around 9 p.m. He told his supplier to
leave, and sensing something was wrong in the way Cantantlo spoke the supplier
left. Meanwhile one employee, Lilian
Lepere
a graphic designer, hid in a card board box under a sink in the bathroom. He
communicated with police via text and gave them information about the brother’s
location and what he could hear them saying (Jenkins). In report given by ITele a French television
station, French parliament said the brothers wanted to die as martyrs (Levs).
Later that day in a separated incident, a gun
man held up hostages in a kosher grocery store with accordance to the NY Daily
Times. During the hold up the gunman Amedy Coulibaly, called BFM-TV a French
News station and told them that he and the Kouachi brothers were affiliated
with Al Qaeda, and that they were carrying out orders. Later on the police stormed in and killed the
gunman Amedy Coulibaly, as he was partaking in evening prayers. Four hostages
were killed and 15 other hostages survived. Four of which were hiding
downstairs in a walk in refrigerator, one of which was an infant. A few police officers were injured during the
assault. It was later discovered in the Kouchai’s car that they had flags that
represented Al Qaeda. A member of Al Qaeda claimed that they had given the
order to attack the Charlie Hebdo headquarters (Power). Hayatt Boudeminne, Amedy Coulibaly expected
accomplice escaped the kosher grocery store and is now on the run ( Levs). She is now expected to be hiding somewhere in
Syria.
The
following week, on Jan.9 President François Hollande, addressed the nation. On the
Embassy of France in Washington D.C website, they posted the transcript of the
President Hollande address to Paris. In his address he admired the work of law
enforcement, thanking them for keeping France safe: “I want to pay tribute to the courage, bravery and
effectiveness of the gendarmes, the police officers, and all those who took
part in these operations. I would like to tell them that we are proud; we are
proud of them because when the order was given, they launched the attack
simultaneously, and achieved the same result. They did so to save the lives of
the hostages. They did so to neutralize the terrorists, those who had committed
murders (Embassy of France in
Washington D.C).” He then went on to
praise France’s resilience and vigilance to overcome such adversity over the
past few days. He concludes by stating that France is a free country, and will
not allow a single solidary to hold them back. Instead remain strong even
through the worst of times.
On the following Sunday, France
invited world leaders to a March in a show of solidarity. Time magazine says, amongst
the attendees were Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel, British Prime Minster
David Cameron, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu, and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. However,
America’s presence was lacking as they only sent the French Ambassador Jane
Harely. The white house has been under much criticism for not sending a more
high ranking official. Time Magazine mentions that Earnest, a speaker for the
White House said that had there been more time, they would’ve sent a more high
ranking official. But because this all happened within a 36 hour period, and
the fact that it’s outdoors, it imposes a high security risk for any high
ranking U.S official. (Miller)
After the attack, Charlie Hebdo
is slowly coming back together. Amongst some controversy that has risen was
their new cover issue, shortly following the attack, USA Today reports. The
cover depicts the Prophet Muhammad holding a sign that says “Je Suis Charlie”
and above the Prophet it reads “Tout
est pardonne”, which translates into all is
forgiven. On Jan. 13 the remaining staff at Charlie Hebdo announced their plans
to release 3 million copies of this latest issue, which reflects the ongoing
growing support of the cause. Before the attack USA Today says that the staff
had only planned to release 1 million copies (Welch). Another image that has
went viral was the “Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow” which depicts a pencil, a
broken pencil and then a broken pencil lined up with a new pencil. As CNN reports, the image was originally
tweeted out by a French artist Bansky. A representative of Bansky later
retracted his statement and gave credit to French illustrator
Lucille Clerc (Respers).
Ultimately the Kouchai brother’s
goal was to restrict freedom of speech. Instead they unified a nation to come
out and show resilience. It goes to show the power that freedom of speech has,
and how one act of terror will not stop a nation for observing their tangible
right.
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Resources:
"Charlie Hebdo - Statements by
President Hollande." France in the United States / Embassy of France in
Washington, D.C. Francein the United States, 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
Dearden, Liz. "Charlie Hebdo
Attack: Thousands Join Vigils in London, Pars, Berlin and around the
World." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 7 Jan.
2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
Jenkins, Lin. "France Terror
Attacks: Graphic Designer Hid in Cardboard Box." The Guardian.
Guardian News and Media Limited, 10 Jan. 2
Levs, Josh, and Ed Payne. "A
Timeline of the Charlie Hebdo Terror Attack - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News
Network, 9 Jan. 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
Miller, Zeke. "White House
Says It Should Have Sent a More Senior Official to Paris." Time. Time, 12
Jan. 2015. Web. 13 Mar. 2015
Power, Virgina, Meg Wagner, and
Sasha Goldstein. "French Police Kill Brothers Wanted in Charlie Hebdo
Massacre." NY Daily News. 9 Jan. 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015.
Respers, Lisa. "That Banksy
Charlie Hebdo Tribute You're Sharing Isn't His - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News
Network, 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
Sayare, Scott, and Nicola Clark.
"French Magazine Runs Cartoons That Mock Muhammad." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2. 2015.
Welch, William, and Kim Hjelmgaard.
"New 'Charlie Hebdo' Cover Released." USA Today. Gannett, 13 Jan.
2015. Web. 13 Mar. 2015
Yu, Roger. "'Charlie Hebdo' Satirical Journalism
Drew Fans, Critics." USA Today. Gannett, 7 Jan. 2015. Web. 4 Mar.
2015.